live-initramfs.en.7.txt

live-initramfs(7)

=================

:man source: 1.157.3

:man manual: Debian Live

Name

----

live-initramfs - Debian Live initramfs hook

Synopsis

--------

BOOT=live

as kernel parameter at boot prompt.

Description

-----------

live-initramfs is a hook for the initramfs-tools, used to generate a initramfs

capable to boot live systems, such as those created by *live-helper*(7).

This includes the Debian Live isos, netboot tarballs, and usb stick images.

At boot time it will look for a (read-only) media containing a "/live"

directory where a root filesystems (often a compressed filesystem image like

squashfs) is stored. If found, it will create a writable environment, using

aufs, for Debian like systems to boot from.

You probably do not want to install this package onto a non-live system,

although it will do no harm.

live-initramfs is a fork of link:http://packages.ubuntu.com/casper/[casper].

casper was originally written by Tollef Fog Heen <tfheen@canonical.com>

and Matt Zimmerman <mdz@canonical.com>.

Boot options

------------

Here is the complete list of recognized boot parameters by live-initramfs.

access=*ACCESS*::

Set the accessibility level for physically or visually impared users. ACCESS

must be one of v1, v2, v3, m1, or m2. v1=lesser visual impairment, v2=moderate

visual impairment, v3=blindness, m1=minor motor difficulties, m2=moderate motor

difficulties.

console=*TTY,SPEED*::

Set the default console to be used with the "live-getty" option. Example:

"console=ttyS0,115200"

debug::

Makes initramfs boot process more verbose.

fetch=*URL*::

Another form of netboot by downloading a squashfs image from a given url,

copying to ram and booting it. Due to current limitations in busyboxs wget

and DNS resolution, an URL can not contain a hostname but an IP only.

Not working: http://example.com/path/to/your_filesystem.squashfs

Working: http://1.2.3.4/path/to/your_filesystem.squashfs

Also note that therefore it's currently not possible to fetch an image from a

namebased virtualhost of an httpd if it is sharing the ip with the main httpd

instance.

hostname=*HOSTNAME*, username=*USER*, userfullname=*USERFULLNAME*::

Those parameters lets you override values read from the config file.

ignore_uuid

Do not check that any UUID embedded in the initramfs matches the discovered

medium. live-initramfs may be told to generate a UUID by setting

LIVE_GENERATE_UUID=1 when building the initramfs.

integrity-check::

If specified, an MD5 sum is calculated on the live media during boot and

compared to the value found in md5sum.txt found in the root directory of the

live media.

ip=**[CLIENT_IP]:[SERVER_IP]:[GATEWAY_IP]:[NETMASK]:[HOSTNAME]:[DEVICE]:[AUTOCONF] [,[CLIENT_IP]:[SERVER_IP]:[GATEWAY_IP]:[NETMASK]:[HOSTNAME]:[DEVICE]:[AUTOCONF]]***::

Let you specify the name(s) and the options of the interface(s) that should be

configured at boot time. Do not specify this if you want to use dhcp (default).

It will be changed in a future release to mimick official kernel boot param

specification (e.g. ip=10.0.0.1::10.0.0.254:255.255.255.0::eth0,:::::eth1:dhcp).

ip=[**frommedia**]::

If this variable is set, dhcp and static configuration are just skipped and the

system will use the (must be) media-preconfigured /etc/network/interfaces

instead.

{keyb|kbd-chooser/method}=**KEYBOARD**, {klayout|console-setup/layoutcode}=**LAYOUT**, {kvariant|console-setup/variantcode}=**VARIANT**, {kmodel|console-setup/modelcode}=**CODE**, koptions=**OPTIONS**::

Configure the running keyboard as specified, if this one misses live-initramfs

behaves as if "keyb=us" was specified. It will be interfered from "locale=" if

locale is only 2 lowecase letters as a special case. You could also specify

console layout, variant, code, and options (no defaults).

live-getty::

This changes the auto-login on virtual terminals to use the (experimental)

live-getty code. With this option set the standard kernel argument "console=" is

parsed and if a serial console is specified then live-getty is used to autologin

on the serial console.

{live-media|bootfrom}=**DEVICE**::

If you specify one of this two equivalent forms, live-initramfs will first try

to find this device for the "/live" directory where the read-only root

filesystem should reside. If it did not find something usable, the normal scan

for block devices is performed.

Instead of specifing an actual device name, the keyword 'removable' can be used

to limit the search of acceptable live media to removable type only. Note that

if you want to further restrict the media to usb mass storage only, you can use

the 'removable-usb' keyword.

{live-media-encryption|encryption}=**TYPE**::

live-initramfs will mount the encrypted rootfs TYPE, asking the passphrase,

useful to build paranoid live systems :-). TYPE supported so far are "aes" for

loop-aes encryption type.

live-media-offset=**BYTES**::

This way you could tell live-initramfs that your image starts at offset BYTES in

the above specified or autodiscovered device, this could be useful to hide the

Debian Live iso or image inside another iso or image, to create "clean" images.

live-media-path=**PATH**::

Sets the path to the live filesystem on the medium. By default, it is set to

'/live' and you should not change that unless you have customized your media

accordingly.

live-media-timeout=**SECONDS**::

Set the timeout in seconds for the device specified by "live-media=" to become

ready before giving up.

{locale|debian-installer/locale}=**LOCALE**::

Configure the running locale as specified, if not present the live-media rootfs

configured locale will be used and if also this one misses live-initramfs behave

as "locale=en_US.UTF-8" was specified. If only 2 lowercase letter are specified

(like "it"), the "maybe wanted" locale is generated (like en:EN.UTF-8), in this

case if also "keyb=" is unspecified is set with those 2 lowercase letters

(keyb=us). Beside that facility, only UTF8 locales are supported by

live-initramfs.

module=**NAME**::

Instead of using the default optional file "filesystem.module" (see below)

another file could be specified without the extension ".module"; it should be

placed on "/live" directory of the live medium.

netboot[=**nfs**|**cifs**]::

This tells live-initramfs to perform a network mount. The parameter "nfsroot="

(with optional "nfsopts="), should specify where is the location of the root

filesystem. With no args, will try cifs first, and if it fails nfs.

nfsopts=::

This lets you specify custom nfs options.

noautologin::

This parameter disables the automatic terminal login only, not touching gdk/kdm.

noxautologin::

This parameter disables the automatic login of gdm/kdm only, not touching

terminals.

nofastboot::

This parameter disables the default disabling of filesystem checks in

/etc/fstab. If you have static filesystems on your harddisk and you want them to

be checked at boot time, use this parameter, otherwise they are skipped.

nopersistent::

disables the "persistent" feature, useful if the bootloader (like syslinux) has

been installed with persistent enabled.

noprompt

Do not prompt to eject the CD or remove the USB flash drive on reboot.

nosudo::

This parameter disables the automatic configuration of sudo.

swapon::

This parameter enables usage of local swap partitions.

nouser::

This parameter disables the creation of the default user completely.

noxautoconfig::

This parameter disables Xorg auto-reconfiguration at boot time. This is valuable

if you either do the detection on your own, or, if you want to ship a custom,

premade xorg.conf in your live system.

persistent[=nofiles]::

live-initramfs will look for persistent and snapshot partitions or files labeled

"live-rw", "home-rw", and files called "live-sn*", "home-sn*" and will try to,

in order: mount as /cow the first, mount the second in /home, and just copy the

contents of the latter in appropriate locations (snapshots). Snapshots will be

tried to be updated on reboot/shutdown. Look at live-snapshot(1) for more

informations. If "nofiles" is specified, only filesystems with matching labels

will be searched; no filesystems will be traversed looking for archives or image

files. This results in shorter boot times.

persistent-path=PATH

live-initramfs will look for persistency files in the root directory of a partition,

with this parameter, the path can be configured so that you can have multiple

directories on the same partition to store persistency files.

{preseed/file|file}=**FILE**::

A path to a file present on the rootfs could be used to preseed debconf

database.

package/question=**VALUE**::

All debian installed packages could be preseeded from command-line that way,

beware of blanks spaces, they will interfere with parsing, use a preseed file in

this case.

quickreboot::

This option causes live-initramfs to reboot without attempting to eject the

media and without asking the user to remove the boot media.

showmounts::

This parameter will make live-initramfs to show on "/" the ro filesystems

(mostly compressed) on "/live". This is not enabled by default because could

lead to problems by applications like "mono" which store binary paths on

installation.

silent

If you boot with the normal quiet parameter, live-initramfs hides most messages

of its own. When adding silent, it hides all.

textonly

Start up to text-mode shell prompts, disabling the graphical user interface.

timezone=**TIMEZONE**::

By default, timezone is set to UTC. Using the timezone parameter, you can set it

to your local zone, e.g. Europe/Zurich.

todisk=**DEVICE**::

Adding this parameter, live-initramfs will try to copy the entire read-only

media to the specified device before mounting the root filesystem. It probably

needs a lot of free space. Subsequent boots should then skip this step and just

specify the "live-media=DEVICE" boot parameter with the same DEVICE used this

time.

toram::

Adding this parameter, live-initramfs will try to copy the whole read-only media

to the computer's RAM before mounting the root filesystem. This could need a lot

of ram, according to the space used by the read-only media.

union=**aufs**|**unionfs**::

By default, live-initramfs uses aufs. With this parameter, you can switch to

unionfs.

utc=**yes**|**no**::

By default, Debian systems do assume that the hardware clock is set to UTC. You

can change or explicitly set it with this parameter.

xdebconf::

Uses xdebconfigurator, if present on the rootfs, to configure X instead of the

standard procedure (experimental).

xvideomode=**RESOLUTION**::

Doesn't do xorg autodetection, but enforces a given resolution.

Files

-----

/etc/live.conf

Some variables can be configured via this config file (inside the live system).

/live/filesystem.module

This optional file (inside the live media) contains a list of white-space or

carriage-return-separated file names corresponding to disk images in the "/live"

directory. If this file exists, only images listed here will be merged into the

root aufs, and they will be loaded in the order listed here. The first entry

in this file will be the "lowest" point in the aufs, and the last file in

this list will be on the "top" of the aufs, directly below /cow. Without

this file, any images in the "/live" directory are loaded in alphanumeric order.

/etc/live-persistence.binds

This optional file (which resides in the rootfs system, not in the live media)

is used as a list of directories which not need be persistent: ie. their

content does not need to survive reboots when using the persistence features.

This saves expensive writes and speeds up operations on volatile data such as

web caches and temporary files (like e.g. /tmp and .mozilla) which are

regenerated each time. This is achieved by bind mounting each listed directory

with a tmpfs on the original path.